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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of 2 components, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the construction itself, which can be constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are created from ground and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To build their nests, termites primarily use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and dirt, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are visible, as many nests in tropical forests are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, as they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made out of carton are particularly weak, and so the inhabitants use counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the intestine of their termites: they use their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build intricate nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is known as polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form multiple nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to possess polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be frequent in mound-building species but polycalic https://innovativepestcontroladelaide.com.au/termite-treatment-adelaide/ arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in regions with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.

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For example, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels used as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for troops to obstruct.192 A highly secure room, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and is used as a last line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds sometimes have fancy and distinctive forms, like those of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to important source increase quickly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or sand tubes, that start from the ground. These shield tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of higher humidity, these tubes provide protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also provide high humidity and darkness and allow workers to collect food sources that cannot be obtained in any other way.197 These passageways are made from dirt and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in diameter, but may extend dozens of yards in length.198.

Owing to their wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden structures.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural wood components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a trusted supply of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin coating of a wall which protects them from your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species possess an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.